How does ARFID affect the heart?

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a relatively new eating disorder, has gained attention for its profound impact on nutrition and overall health. While the focus often centers on nutritional deficiencies, there’s a lesser-known yet critical aspect: the effect of ARFID on the heart. In this article, we delve into how ARFID can influence cardiovascular health, shedding light on the potential risks and consequences for those affected by this eating disorder.

Understanding ARFID:

ARFID is characterized by extreme selectivity in food choices and a lack of interest in consuming a diverse range of foods. Individuals with ARFID may limit their diet to a small variety of preferred foods, leading to poor growth, nutritional deficiencies, and compromised well-being. The disorder is not driven by concerns about weight or body image but often involves sensory sensitivities or aversions to certain foods.

Cardiovascular Impact:

One of the lesser-known but significant consequences of ARFID is its potential to affect the heart. The nutritional deficiencies resulting from a limited and selective diet can have profound implications for cardiovascular health. ARFID has been linked to a condition known as bradycardia, where a person’s heart rate becomes critically slow.

Bradycardia and Abnormal Heart Rate Changes:

Bradycardia is a condition characterized by an unusually slow heart rate. In individuals with ARFID, the heart may slow down to a point where it becomes unsafe for them to be outside a hospital setting. Additionally, ARFID can cause abnormal heart rate changes, with the heart speeding up significantly when a person moves from a lying-down position to standing up. These sudden fluctuations in heart rate pose risks and make it necessary for individuals to be under careful medical supervision.

The Challenge of Orthostatic Changes:

Orthostatic changes, where the heart rate varies upon changes in body position, become particularly challenging for individuals with ARFID. The heart’s response to the simple act of standing up can be exaggerated and unsafe, requiring medical attention to ensure the person’s safety.

Holistic Approach to Care:

Addressing the cardiovascular impact of ARFID requires a holistic approach to care. Healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, nutritionists, and mental health specialists, play crucial roles in developing comprehensive treatment plans. These plans aim to not only address the nutritional deficiencies associated with ARFID but also monitor and manage the potential cardiovascular complications.

As we unravel the complexities of ARFID, it becomes evident that the disorder extends beyond its immediate impact on nutrition. The connection between ARFID and the heart underscores the need for heightened awareness and comprehensive care. By understanding the potential risks and consequences for cardiovascular health, healthcare professionals can guide individuals toward interventions that prioritize not only nutritional well-being but also the safety of the heart. Through a collaborative and holistic approach, we can strive to improve the overall health and quality of life for those affected by ARFID.